Internal-combustion engine



. a citizen of the United States, residing at` Patented ug.'

CHARLES F. BUSCHKE, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

'INTERNAL-connus'rlon ENGINE.

- Application led June 13, 1919. Serial No. 303,927.

To all whom t may/comem:

Be it known that I, CHARLES F. BUSCHKE,

Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of lVisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in AInternal- Com'bustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being/had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part.

thereof.

This invention relates more particularly to fuel injecting and regulatingr devices for l internal combustion engines.

The main objects of the invention are to adapt fuel injecting andregulating apparatus to engines of different types operated under different conditions and with fuel of diHerent grades; to thoroughly atomize or vaporize oil of lower grades as it is injected into an engine cylinder; to provide for the injection of oil with or without the admixture of air beforeit enters the cylinder; and generally to improve the construction and operation of apparatus of this class. y

It consists in theconstruction, arran ement and combination ofl parts as hereinafter particularly described and pointed out in the claims. In the accompanying drawing like characters designate the same parts in both figures. Figure 1 is a vertical axial `section of 'a single upright cylinder, two-cycle, internal combustion engine embodying the invention; and. Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional detail view of the spray nozzle and fuel valve. *'While the fuel injecting and regulating apparatus to which the present ,invention particularly relates is applicable to internal combustion engines of different types, it is shown in the drawing and will be described in detail, as applied toa two-cycle engine.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawing, the engine comprises a cylinder 1, provided )with an exhaust port 2 and a compressedl air inlet port3, a closed crank case and base 4,\

on which the cylinder is mounted and with which it communicates through its open lower end, a trunk pistonl 5, and a crank shaft 6, having bearingsin the case Iand -base 4 and directly'conne'cted by a rod 7 with the piston. A valve case 10, mounted on the cylinder head, is provided at its lower end with a spray nozzle 11, detachably connected with the case by screw threads.

' The nozzle 11 is formed, as shown in Fig.

.oss

. J 2, with three coaxial beveled valve seats The valve case 10 is formed or provided at its upper end with anf'enlarged cylinder extension 19, which is provided at its upper end with a screwcap 20.

A fuel valve 22, formed with three coi axial beveled working faces, fitted accurately to the seats in the nozzle 11, as shown in Fig. 2, is provided with .a reduced shank which is threaded in a socket in the lower end of a stem 23. The stem 23 is fitted and guided in the valve case 10 above the -nozzle 11, andis provided with a piston 24, which is fitted and works lin the cylinder extension 19, the upper reduced end of the stem passing freely through a hole in thel cap 20.

vA passage 25, extending axially through the stem 23 into the body of the valve 22, communicates with the lower or inner end ofthe cylinder extension 19 through lateral ports 26, and with an internal annular recess 27 in the valve case, through lateral ports 28. lAt its lower end the passage 25 communicates with a clearance lspace between the nozzle 11 and valve 22, and be-v tween the valve seats 13 and 14 and the corresponding valve faces, through divergentpassages 30. lThis clearance space .is

preferably enlarged by flattening the sides.

of the valve `adjacent the outer ends of the passages 30v between the valve faces' working with the seats 13 and 14, as shown in at its upper or outer end with a heady 34.

The head 34 is enclosed kand protected byY a removable cap 36, threaded on the top of the cap 20, to prevent accidental or unauthorized displacement of or vinterference with the valve 33. A spring 38, interposed between the cap 2O44"and piston 24, tends to close the valve 22 and to hold said piston at the lower or inner limit of its movement.

Thevalve stem 23 is provided with packing rings above and below or on opposite sides of the ports 28, to prevent oil from leaking from the recess 27 upwardly or downwardly around the stem, and air from lea-king from the lower end of the cylinder source, according to varying conditions.

As shown by the drawing, oil is supplied I to the engine under control of the valve 22 from a tank or reservoir` 42 by a twostage pump comprising two parallel cylinders 43 and 44,A and 'plungers 45 and 46. The low pressure cylinder' 44 is connected with the reservoir 42 by a pipe 47, provided with a check valve 48 opening towards the pump. The high pressure cylinder 43 is connected with the annular recess or cavity in the valve case 10 by a pipe 50, provided with a' check valve 51 opening away from the pump, and by a branch pipe`52 provided with a cut-off valvef`53. The pump cylinders are connected with each. other by a i passage 55, provided with a check valve 56 opening towards the high pressure cylinder. The high pressure cylinder isconnected with the pipe'47 or with the reservoir 42 by a by-pass pipe 58, which is providedwith a relief valve 59 opening towards the reservoir and closed by a spring, the tension of which is adjusted by a screw 60. The pump plungers 45 and 46 are connected with a rocker arm or lever 62 on opposite sides of its fulcrum and the lever 62 is connected by a rod 63 with theI strap of an eccentric 64 on the crank shaft 6. The pi e 50 is connected with`the lower end of t e cylinder extension 19 by a pipe 66 and abrz'anch pipe provided with a cut-off valve 6 When the fuel valve 22 is to be operated by the pressure of the oil supplied to the engine, the valves 53 and 67 are both i. opened, and with each working stroke of the high pressure plunger 45, oil is forced through the pipes 50 and 66 and the branch` pipe 52 into the recess or cavity.. 27 ofthe valve case, and into the lower end o'f the cylinder extension 19. rlhe pressure eX- erted by the oil on the lower end of the piston 24, lifts and opens the valve 22 and simultaneously therewith a charge of oil is forced through the ports 28, passage 25 land branch passages 30 into the space between the valve'sea'tsl?) and 14, from which License the seats 13 and 14, thence between the seats 14'and 15 and opposing faces of the valve and finally through the divergent spray passages 17 into the cylinder, is finely subdivided and heated by contact withthe hot nozzle 11 and valve 22 which become highly heated by the operation of the engine, and issues from the passages 17 in a gaseous or vaporousv condition, best adapted to operate the engine.

The extent of opening of the valve 22, and hence thevolume of the 4 fuel charge injected into the engine and cylinder, are regulated by the' adjustment of the screw 60, which determines the amount of oil forced by the pump into the cylinderJ eX tension 10 under the piston 24 with leach working stroke of the high pressure plunger 45. The pump plungers working alternately, the downward stroke of the low pressurel plunger 46 draws oil from the' reservoir 42 through the pipe 47 and check valve-48, 'into the cylinder 44.v The high pressure plunger 45 being withdrawn downward as the low pressure plunger 46 makes its upwardworking stroke, thel oil in thel cylinder 44 is forced through the passage 55 past the check valve 56, into the cylinder 43. With the upward workingV strokel of the plunger 45, oil is forced through the check valve 51, pipe 50 and its branch connections, intd the valve case 10, keeping the oil spaces and passages'therein and in the fuel valve filled, and into the lower end of thecylinder extension 19 below the piston 24. Anyvexcess of. oil above that required for the operation of the engine and of the fuel valve 22 according to the adjustment of,

- the screw 60 which determines the pressure of the spring against the check valve 59, is forced back through the by-pass pipe 58 into the reservoir 42. The fuel valve 22 may be operated, under conditions making it desirable todo so, by air pressure supplied by the engine itself, or from an independent source. When the engine .is to loc supply compressed air for the operation off the fuel valve and when desired, for admixture with the oil beforeit is injected into the engine cylinder, the-lower end lof the cylinderI extension 19 below the piston 24,

is connected, as Aby the pipe 66 a branch pipe 69 provided with a cut-out valve 70, and, 'i

distributing, 'valve mechanism, 'iwlth the closed end of the Aengine cylinder 1.-

l'llhe distributing -valve mechanism may consist as shown, of a piston valve 72 worki V ing in a case 73, which is Vfitted and secured inv an openin into the engine cylinder, and l i with which-t e pipe 69 is coirkmected. 'At its chamber of the valve 72. At its outer end the valve 72 is j provided with a stem 75,'which projects outwardly through the cap, of the valve case. The yvalve 72 is formed with an angular or curved port 77, communicating at one end with the passage leading from the engine cylinder and adapted to register at the other end with a port 78 in the adjacent side of thevalve case. The valve 72 is also formed with a through port 79, adapted'to register at the endsI simultaneously with a port 80 and an exhaust port 81 in the valve case 73. The ports 78 and 80 have a common connection j with the pipe 69, and the exhaust port 81 is connected by a pipe 83 with the exhaust pipe 84 of the engine. The pipe 83 is provided with a check valve 86, which closes towards the valve 72.

A spring 88, acting on the valve stem 75, tends to hold the valve 74 closed, and the valve 72 with its port 79, in register with the ports 80 and 81. The valve 74 is opened and the valve 72 simultaneouslyshifted to bring the port 77 into register with the port 78 and the port 79 out of register wlth the ports 80 and 81 near the end of the compression strokes of the engine piston 5, by a bell crank lever 90 engaging the outer end of the stem 75 and connected b rod 91 with a cam roller or follower 92, engagingV a cam 93,0n the crankshaft 6. The lever 90 has an adjustable eccentric fulcrum bearing 95 in a bracket attached to the valve case 73.

The eccentric bearing 95 is provided with an arm* 96, which may be connected by a rod 97 with a governor (not shown) for automatic .regulation of the speed of the engine.

When the fuel valve 22 is to be operated with air compressed bythe engine. piston 5, the valve 67 is vclosedyand the valve 70 opened. Towards the end of the compression stroke of the piston'5 the valve 74 is opened by the cam 93 and the piston valve 72 is shifted to carry the port 77 into register with the port 78 and the pont 79 out of register with the ports 80 and 81. Compressed air thus admitted from ,the engine cylinder 1 through the pipes 69 and 66 into the cylinder extension 19, acts on the lower end of the piston 24 to open the fuel valve 22 and permit the injec-tion'of a charge of fuel into the engine cylinder. As the fuel valve 22 is opened, the pump plunger 45 forces oil through 'the pipe 50,-

branch pipe 52 and passage 25 into the space between the valve and nozzle 11, and thence through the spray passages 17 into the engine cylinder. The fuel thus injected into the engine cylinder@ in a fine spray. or gaseous form and mingled with the air compressed by the piston 5, is ignited by l contact with the hot cylinder head and piston, or other well known means (not shown). The resulting explosion of the mixture of gas or oil vapor and air drives the piston.5 downward or towards the crank shaft. During the downward or working stroke of lthe piston 5 the valves 72 and 7 4, released by the cam 93,?'gare shifted outward by the'spring 88, closing the valve 74 and carrying the port 77 out of register with the por-t 78 and the port 79 into register With the ports 80 and 81. Compressed air is thus released from the cylinder exten' sio'ii`1`9 through the pipes 66 and 69, ports 80, 79 and 81 and pipe 83, and is discharged into the engine exhaust-pipe 84. The fuel valve 22 is thereupon closed by the spring 38.

Another charge of oil is lforced by the pump plunger 46 from the cylinder 44 into y the upper end of thefcylinder 43, to be forced by the next upward movement of 'the high pressure plunger 45 through the pipes 50 and 52 and tlre passage 25, into the clearance space between the nozzlei11 and the valve 22 and between the. valve seats 13 and 14.

The traverse of the distributing valve 72 and ofthe valve 74 is variedto regulate the opening of the fuel valve 22 and the supply of fuel to the engine cylinder by Ithe adjustment of the eccentric bearing 95 of the lever 90.

l/Vhen the fuel valve 22 is to be operated I by compressed air from such independent source, the valves 67 and 70 are closed, the valve 100 is opened, and the rod 91 is connected with a lever 102, which will then, be operated by the cam 93 to shift the distributing valve 101 at the proper times to admit compressed airy to and release it from the cylinder extension 19.

lVhen the fuel valve is operated by comressed air supplied either from the engine itself or lfrom an independent source, a portion of such air, determined by the ladjustment of the valve. 33, may be admitted to the passage 25 and mixed with the oil supplied through the pipes 50 and 52, recess 'the engine cylinder.

CFI

When the valve is opened, the' check Lvalve 32 prevents the escape of oil through thgpassage 25 into' the cylinder extension 19. arious ch nges in the details of construction and arrangement of parts of the vfuel injecting and regulating mechanism may bejma-de without departure from the principle and scope of the invention as deine-d in the following claims.

I claim 1. ln :an/internal combustionV engine the combination with the lcylinder, of a valve case provided with a nozzle inserted in an opening into-the cylinder and having three coaxial valve seats of diminishing diameter .towards the cylinder and divergent spray with a clearance space between the valve and case and between the two outer seats and corresponding valve faces.

2. lin an int-ernal combustion engine the combination with the cylinder, ofl a valve case provided with a detachable nozzle inserted in an opening into the cylinder and having three coaxial beveled valve seats of diminishing diameter towards the Icylinder' and divergent spray passages' leading from the inner-seat through the end of the nozzle into the cylinder, and a valve having a stem fitted and guided in the case and provided with a detachable head having three beveled working faces fitted to said seats and a longitudinal passage connected by divergent ,I passages with a clearance space between the valve and case and between thetwo outer seats and corresponding valve faces.

3. lln an internal .combustion engine the combination with the cylinder, of a valve case provided with a nozzle inserted in an opening into the cylinder, a valve guided and seated in said case, means for opening and closing the valve to inject fuel into the cylinder at the proper times, an oil reservoir,

a two-stage pump compri-sing low and high pressure cylinders connected with each other by a passage provided with a check valve opening towards the Ahigh pressure cylinder, a suction connection between the low pressure cylinder and the reservoir provided with a check valve openingtowards the pump, a discharge connection between the high pressure cylinder and valve case provided with a check valve closing towards the pump, a by-pass connecting the high pressure cylinder with the reservoir and provided with an adjustably weighted relief valve opening towards the reservoir, and oppositely working plungers fitted in the pump cylinders and having an actuating connection with the engine.

4:. lin anfinternal combustion engine the means@ combination with the engine cylinder and piston, of a valve case providedf'with an enlarged cylinder extension and, with a spray nozzle inserted in an opening into the cylinder, a fuel valve guided and seated in said case and having a longitudinal passage communicating with the nozzle and through lateral ports with the interior of the valve case and cylinder extension, an inwardly opening check valve in said passage between said lateral ports, a regulating valve controlling t-he supply of air through said passage from the cylinder extension to the nozzle, a piston fitted in said cylinder extension and connected with the valve, a spring tending to ,close the fuel valve, a compressed air supply connection with the inner end of the cylinder extension', a valve in said connec-l tion operated by the engine to admit compressed air into the -cylinder 'extension on the compression strokes of the piston, and apump operated by the engine and adapted to force oil into the valve case and through the passage in the fuel valve into the engine cylinder when said valve is opened.

5a lln an internal combustion engine the combination with the engine cylinder and piston, of a valve case provided at its outer end with a cylinder extension, and, at its 4 inner end with a nozzle inserted in an opening into theengine cylinder, an oil supply connection with the valve case,l a compressed air connection between the inner end of the cylinder extension and the adjacent end of.

the engine cylinder, a fuel valve guided and seated in said case and having a passage leading from the oil supply connection into the nozzle, a piston fitted in the cyhnder extension and connected with the fuel valve, a spring tending to close the fuel` valve, a valve in the compressed air connectlon operated by the engine to admit compressed a1r from the engine cylinder into the cylinder extension and to open the fuel valve o n the compression strokes of the engine plston, and a pump in the oil supply-connectlon operated by the engine to force oil through the fuel valve and nozzle into the `engine cylinder when the fuel valve is opened.

6. -lfn an internal combustion engine the combination with the engine cylinder and y .the engine cylinder, a fuel valve guided and seated in said case and having lateral ports -in communication with the oil supply and compressed air connections and a passageleading from said ports intol the nozzle, an

'inwardly opening check valve in said passage between the lateral ports, a regulating valve controlling the admission of air into said passage from the cylinder extension, a.

piston fitted in the cylinder extensionand connected with the fuel valve, a spring tendl gine cylinder .into the cylinder extension and to open the fuel valve on compression strokes of the engine piston, and a pump in 10 the oil supply connection operated `by the engine to force oil through the fuel valve and nozzle into the engine cylinder When the fuel valve is opened.

In Witness whereof I hereto ai'x my sigl5 nature.

' CHARLES F. BUSCHKE.v 

